Peer Reviews Aid The Exploration - 806 Words

The scholarly journals have a huge contribution or reviewers behind them. ‘Peer Reviews’ aid the exploration, setting up of a strategy by which it can be assessed, and increment organizing conceivable outcomes inside of examination groups. Notwithstanding reactions, ‘Peer Review’ is still the main broadly acknowledged system for examination acceptance. Peer reviewing is a framework that is utilized by researchers to choose which research results ought to be distributed in scientific journals. Peer reviewing subject the logical examination papers to free investigation by other qualified experimental specialists, called peers, before they are published for the common people. More than one million exploratory research papers and articles are†¦show more content†¦This is done against the guidelines of the journal’s author. This is important as it assures the presence and arrangement of all the necessary stylizations and sections. However the quality is not checked in this process and is left for the later step. The second step is reviewing in which the peers set aside the time to go through the paper a few times. The 1st analysis is utilized to frame a beginning impression of the work. On the off chance that significant issues are found at this stage the reviewers may feel fine in dismissing the paper without further work. Otherwise, they read the paper a few more times, taking notes in order to fabricate a definite point-by-point survey. The survey is then submitted to the diary, with a suggestion to acknowledge or reject it or else with a solicitation for correction prior to its reassessing. There is a great difference between an editor and a peer. Editors are the ones who compile the research, arrange it and make specific selection regarding the edition of sections in the research. He is the central entity for making the decision of forwarding the research to the peer reviewing step or not. They screen it and make the further decisions. Its’ their verdict according to which the research is rejected or accepted, based on the reports of peer review, for the final publication. On the other hand, peers are the ones who review the research. They are the veterans who decide the authenticity of the research and

Analysis Of The Film La Vida De Jose Rizal - 2089 Words

Introduction Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background The American occupation (1898 ­1912) gave impetus for varied groups to ignite a political and cognitive battles for independence. Intellectuals found an arena to protest against the colonizers and fight for independence in the arts, primarily through literature and theatre (Tofighian, 2005). During the tail end of this period, 1912, two American businessmen, Albert Yearsley and Edward M. Gross, who operated their respective theaters, competed against each other to produce the first film on the life of one of the country’s national heroes. The film was entitled, â€Å"La Vida de Jose Rizal† (The Life of Jose Rizal); a story from his birth to his martyrdom. Film, often called movie or motion picture, by its general definition is a series of still images shown simultaneously to simulate the illusion of movement. Its early beginnings as said by Brian Manley, â€Å"cannot be credited to one individual as an oversimplification of any history tries to do.† Defending the fact, claiming that its origins are combination of the efforts of different inventions accumulated throughout the years (Fuentes, Labilles, and Reyes, 2013). Four years later, Edward Gross, one of the two American filmmakers, came up with another Rizal Movie entitled, â€Å"Noli me Tangere,† (Del Mundo, 1994). This movie, like that of â€Å"La Vida de Jose Rizal† were made and shown in the Philippines, using portable projectors in a circus tent (Avila, 2009). Hence, cinema began

The Patient Mummy free essay sample

When it came to who was looking the best in their afterlife, the Ancient Egyptians were the first on the list. As a matter of fact, the Ancient Egyptians worked their whole lives towards the afterlife – because it is until then that their souls would be at peace. In order to look their best in the afterlife, they came up with a way to preserve their dead – and that was to mummify them. In Islam, this way of practice was not allowed. So, Allah (SWT) wanted the Muslims to look their best in the afterlife, and that was by preserving them through the hijab. In an eerie, mystifying way, the Ancient Egyptians and the Modern Muslims have a common denominator – the three â€Å"P’s†; purification, preservation, and patience. To begin, the Ancient Egyptians believed adamantly in the afterlife. They believed that their purpose in life was to work towards that life. In order to attain that, they had to undergo three phases. The first phase of mummification was meant to purify the body. They would take the body into a tent called â€Å"ibu†, which means â€Å"place of purification†. Firstly, they would wash the body with good-smelling palm wine, then rinse it with water from the Nile. Secondly, they would remove all the internal organs except the heart, since it was seen as the center of intelligence and feeling, which the body will need in the afterlife. Thirdly, after forty days the dried up organs and any cloth that was used during this process, would have been stuffed inside the carcass. The body would again be washed with water from the Nile, then covered up with oil to help the skin stay elastic. Again, all the dehydrated organs were wrapped up in cloths, and the body would be stuffed with dry materials. Such as; sawdust, leaves and linen so that the body looked lifelike. Finally, the body is covered again with good-smelling oils until the purified body is ready to wrapped up in linen. Similarly, the Modern Muslim believes unwaveringly in the afterlife. Unlike the Ancient Egyptians, the Muslims believe that the purpose of this life is to please Allah (SWT), which will help achieve the true reward in the afterlife. In order to attain that reward, Muslims must also undergo three phases. The first phase is purification of the body. Al-Imam Muslim once said that â€Å"purification is half the faith†. Also, it is mentioned in the Holy Quran â€Å"And they ask you about menstruationand when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allah has ordained for you. Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves [Holy Quran 2:222]. Once a Muslim woman hits puberty, the first thing she must do is purify herself through ghusool. The first step of the process is that she must make the intention to perform purification. Then she rinses her private area, both her hands (3x), mouth (3x), nostrils (3x), face (3x) , arms up to her elbows (3x), then she wipes her hair and ears once, rinses the right side of her body from the tip of her roots of hair on her head, to the tip of her toes, and does the same to her left side. Then the process ends with rinsing both feet (3x). Finally, once she has undergone the process of purification, she is ready to be wrapped from head to toe. Once the purification phase has been thoroughly completed, the second phase will come into effect. â€Å"Mummification† is known as preservation, which can be accomplished by wrapping linen around the carcass. First the head and neck are wrapped with strips of fine cloth. Then the fingers and the toes are individually wrapped. Second, the arms and legs are to be wrapped separately. Between the layers of wrapping the embalmers, the people who are in charge of mummifying the dead place â€Å"amulets† are then placed to protect the body in its journey through the underworld. Third, while the mummy is being wrapped, a priest reads spells out loud to help ward off evil spirit to ease their journey in the afterlife. Fourth, the arms and legs are tied together and a spell written scroll from the Book of the Dead is placed between the wrapped hands. Fifth, the mummy is wrapped with even more linens – with every layer, the bandages are painted with liquid resin to help g lue keep the gauze together. Sixth, the picture of the God Osiris is painted on the surface of the cloth that is wrapped around the body. Finally, a large cloth is wrapped around the entire mummy which is attached with strips of linen that run from the top of the mummy to the very bottom and wrapped around its middle. It is then that the completed mummy has a painted board placed a top of it, which is then lowered into its coffin, which is than lowered into a second coffin. Once the family of the deceased have prayed on him, they bury the mummy deep into the ground with all of their lively possession to take with them in the afterlife. Likewise to mummification, once the purification phase has been thoroughly completed, the second phase is to preserve the Muslimah. Parallel to the mummy, the Egyptians had a formula in preserving their dead; Allah (SWT)’s formula in preserving the Muslimah is through the â€Å"Hijab†. It was narrated by Aisha (ra), â€Å"When Asma bint Abu Bakr (ra), entered upon the Apostle of Allah while she was wearing thin clothes. The Apostle of Allah turned his attention from her. He said: O Asma, when a woman reaches the age of menstruation, it does not suit her that she displays her parts of body except this and this, and he pointed to her face and hands [Sunnan Abu Dawud 32:4092]. This proves that once a girl has entered womanhood, it is an obligation from Allah (SWT) to be preserved through the hijab. â€Å"O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close round them (when they go abroad). That will be better, so that t hey may be recognised and not annoyed. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful† [The Holy Quran 33:59]. To this date, scientists have not been able to duplicate the formula they used in preserving their dead, and for thousands of years the mummies seized to change both physically or chemically, yet they still pique the curiosity of people from all walks of life. As a Muslimah they pique the curiosity of those around them they are the walking mummy. Even though the fashion has evolved throughout the years- heck the seasons- for thousands of years the â€Å"fashion† or â€Å"dress code† of a Muslimah has not changed. The code is still as it is: dress in loose fitting clothing. Unlike the mummy, the only thing the Muslimah takes with her to the grave is her deeds and not her wealth. At last, in order to successfully complete phase one and two, the mummy and the Muslimah have to have a quality: Patience. They cannot possibly complete both phases without it. The process of mummification is a long and enduring process and requires immense patience in order for the mummy to undergo the transition stage to get to the afterlife. Likewise with the Muslimah, she must be patient in this dunya with the hijab no matter how hard it is, so when she undergoes the transition stage – the grave, and passes InshAllah because of her patience; it is with Allah (SWT)’s mercy that she succeeds in the afterlife and enters Jannah. â€Å"He admits whom He wills into His mercy; but the wrongdoers He has prepared for them a painful punishment† [The Holy Quran 76:31]. Furthermore, another quality a mummy has that makes it even more interesting is that it’s sacred, it cannot be touched for it appears strong but is fragile at touch. Like the Muslimah, she is sac red and fragile, and no one can just touch her. A Muslimah is a walking mummy She is a walking ayah (sign). As the mummy’s inside is preserved, a Muslimah has to be preserved inside and out, â€Å"And conceal your speech or publicize it; indeed, He (Allah) is knowing of that within the breasts† [The Holy Quran 67:13]. The key to attain the first two phases is through a strong foundation of patience. In conclusion, in an eerie, mystifying way, the Ancient Egyptians and the Modern Muslimah have a common denominator – the three â€Å"P’s†: in purification, in preservation, and in patience. Purification and preservation cannot be attained without their sister – patience. The Egyptians were known for their patience, the process of mummification is no easy task. Likewise, a Muslimah has to be patient with her duty of preservation if she wants to look her best in the akhira. In society, it goes without saying that a Muslimah is oppressed because of the hijab – but like the Sh. Khalid Yasin once said, â€Å"Let’s not ask a non-Muslims about how Muslim women feel†¦If you want to be fair, ask a Muslim woman.† Who would’ve thought that an Ancient Mummy and a Modern Muslimah have so much in common?

Women In The State Essays - Feminist Theory,

Women In The State The purpose of this paper is to define the different types of feminism and describe whether there is still potential for a unified consensus among the different feminist groups. The four main types of feminism can be separated into the following categories: liberal, radical, socialist and identity. These types of feminism may be easily divided academically, but there are many aspects that people consider from all angles to form their own opinion. The following is a description and general understanding of the movements mentioned. First, the idea of liberal feminism sees all people as equal; therefore there should be equality for all. They see sexism as dysfunctional because it deprives society of one-half of its creative work force. Oppression exists because of our socialization process with education being the primary aspect. Liberalism emphasizes mans ability to be rational, setting them apart from other creatures and therefore deeming them worthy or rights. Liberal feminists recognize the importance or rights and seek a system of equal rights for men and women. A central idea of liberalism that has been includes a belief in the equal rights of all human beings and a faith in educated human reason. (MacIvor 40) Education, being a key to recognizing equality, is one of the prime aspects of liberal feminism. Its believed that women were equal to men in natural intelligence, and only appeared to be inferior because they were denied a proper education. (40) Overall women are as intelligent as men but are depriv ed of equal rights and opportunities because of education and reason. Now reason itself is a key concept within the school of liberal feminism. Reason is a higher quality, separate from and superior to the body. Reason is also an individual quality; hence the liberal focus on the individual person. (41) Liberal feminist strive to focus the mainstream of ideas towards the idea of accepting womens reason as much as man giving the ultimate view of individualism and freedom without bias towards sex. Some examples of liberal feminist ideas are campaigns for equal pay, employment equity and greater female representation in politics. The second type of feminist approach that is recognized in this paper is the radical feminist approach. In radical feminist theory, the oppression of women is seen as the root of all other power inequalities in society. There are many diverse actions and views that can be considered radical but one there are some common threads as well that hold together the radical view. First all radical feminists agree that distinction of gender, based on sex, structure virtually every aspect of our lives and are indeed are so all-pervasive that ordinarily they go quite unrecognized. (46) The goal of radical feminists is to ensure that women are aware of these distinctions of gender exist and that they injure women in all parts of their lives. It is important for them to know that men are the oppressors and men derive their concrete benefits from their oppression of women. Because of this, radical feminists must struggle to achieve liberation. Another distinction within the radical feminist views is the fact that the radicals believe that women have a unique sexual and reproductive power. In other words womens ability to give birth is a unique power that leads to enforced powerlessness at the hands of men. (47) On the other hand, radical feminists have argued that men weaken women and because the physical demand that men have towards childbirth. Men understand that pregnancy is formed ultimately by their power, and with this, the root of womens oppression is established. One downfall of this type of thought is that with the continual growth of evolution in the economic and public sphere, it seems that most of the women are middle class educated white women. Radical view has not dealt very well with the issues of race and class and cannot differentiate between the class types that our economy holds. It cannot tell us about the economic difference or exploitations of women in the state. Overall, radical feminism is bound and contained by the biological aspects of womens lives and fails to consider the social aspect of women oppression. Social feminism can be considered an almost

Free Essays on Robert Blake

â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† from Robert Blake’s Songs of Innocence, is a poem typical of the themes present in the Songs of Innocence and Experience. The main character is pathetically unfortunate, and yet diligently fulfills his societal obligations. This poem has a severely ironic tone, and is clearly a mockery of a society that would perpetuate the inhumane use of its weaker members. The speaker of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is a young boy who is himself a chimney sweeper. He shares with a fellow child-chimney sweeper named Tom Dacre, the focus of the poem. The poem is addressed, essentially, to whom it may concern, and as such the poem seems to be a vehicle for the boy to declare who he is. He seems to be decrying his position, perhaps to a passerby. His mother died when he was very young, and although it says his father sold him, this probably means simply that he works as a chimney sweeper, in order to help support his family. Then the reader begins to learn about little Tom Dacre, who had to have his head shaved. The narrator, despite his own horrible situation, finds the ability to comfort Tom. Tom has a dream in which thousands of chimney sweepers are trapped in coffins, and what must be the angel of death comes along and lets them out of the coffins and into gorgeous, â€Å"heavenly,† meadows and streams. Then, after cleaning the soot off of themselves in a river, the chimney sweepers ascend into heaven upon clouds. In his dream, the angel directly addresses Tom, and tells him that if he continues to dutifully sweep chimneys, God will smile upon him. The speaker relates that following the dream, all of the chimney sweepers got up and went to work. In the final lines, the speaker first describes Tom as being comforted by his dream, and then makes the direct philosophical statement that â€Å"if all do their duty, they need not feel harm.† This poem is clearly written sarcastically by Blake, and thi... Free Essays on Robert Blake Free Essays on Robert Blake â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† from Robert Blake’s Songs of Innocence, is a poem typical of the themes present in the Songs of Innocence and Experience. The main character is pathetically unfortunate, and yet diligently fulfills his societal obligations. This poem has a severely ironic tone, and is clearly a mockery of a society that would perpetuate the inhumane use of its weaker members. The speaker of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† is a young boy who is himself a chimney sweeper. He shares with a fellow child-chimney sweeper named Tom Dacre, the focus of the poem. The poem is addressed, essentially, to whom it may concern, and as such the poem seems to be a vehicle for the boy to declare who he is. He seems to be decrying his position, perhaps to a passerby. His mother died when he was very young, and although it says his father sold him, this probably means simply that he works as a chimney sweeper, in order to help support his family. Then the reader begins to learn about little Tom Dacre, who had to have his head shaved. The narrator, despite his own horrible situation, finds the ability to comfort Tom. Tom has a dream in which thousands of chimney sweepers are trapped in coffins, and what must be the angel of death comes along and lets them out of the coffins and into gorgeous, â€Å"heavenly,† meadows and streams. Then, after cleaning the soot off of themselves in a river, the chimney sweepers ascend into heaven upon clouds. In his dream, the angel directly addresses Tom, and tells him that if he continues to dutifully sweep chimneys, God will smile upon him. The speaker relates that following the dream, all of the chimney sweepers got up and went to work. In the final lines, the speaker first describes Tom as being comforted by his dream, and then makes the direct philosophical statement that â€Å"if all do their duty, they need not feel harm.† This poem is clearly written sarcastically by Blake, and thi...

EPIB of British American Tobacco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EPIB of British American Tobacco - Case Study Example BAT Company was founded in 1902, the company acquired different companies in America and the UK to form the current multinational corporation it has evolved to be. Currently BAT is the second biggest procedure of cigarettes in world with an estimated 10.5% of the total global share. PESTEL analysis is used to investigates the vital factors which affects an industry and the influence they have on a particular company or companies operating in that particular industry. PESTEL is means political, Economic, Social, Technological and Legal factors. Political factors entail government policies which are related to the industry, this includes tax policies, regulations and laws, tariffs and restrictions and other factors. The economic factors include the wider economic performance for example economic growth, exchange rates, interest rates and inflation. Social factors on the other hand relates to cultural issues which includes health, population growth, demographics, changes in consumer behaviours and other aspects. Technology factors include the adaptation of new available technology and new ideas such as automation, information technology and rate of technology change. Legal factors comprises of legal procedures, licensing, product legal descriptions and other legal factors. (Hollensen, 2004) Political factors whereby the company have to deal with the political interferences that may be practiced by the UK government. According to research political systems of nations affect the conduct of businesses, for example some countries practice collectivism while others practice capitalism political systems. The UK government practices capitalism in that it allows factors of production to be privately owned and the government performs only limited duties that the private sector cannot perform unlike in collectivism and communism that stresses collective goals. So BAT Company has no restrictions and hence we can conclude that it enjoys good external political environment. (London and Hart, 2004) Economical factors which mainly deals with financial forces in the economic environment. Such factors include foreign exchange rates, currencies and global monetary systems like the use of Euro currency, inflation, counter trade, balance of payments, monetary policies, and fiscal policies among others. After carrying out careful analysis of these factors BAT Company did not face a lot of these challenges with but only was subjected to few of them like inflation and the balance of payments. (Buckley, 2005) Social factors are other factors that the company has to consider before going international. Forces within the society such as religion, family, social structure and education may impact positively or negatively the way BAT Company will market its products. Social factors affect our attitude, opinions and interests on the way we view products from certain companies. (Buckley, 2005) Technological factors are another key factor to be put in consideration before going global. Advanced technologies are now being experienced by many companies as

Explain how and why dunkin donuts conducts marketing resarch. Be Essay

Explain how and why dunkin donuts conducts marketing resarch. Be Specific. Describe what type of resarch is Dunkin Donut doing primary or seconday. Why - Essay Example Due to this research the organization started locating itself near homes as well as business areas and they even opened their business in large stores such as Wal-Mart. This depicts that Dunking Donuts is involved in conducting mainly primary research. Primary research is that research that is conducted by the researcher themselves and this form of research has not been conducted before. This form of research is conducted by the organization in order to identify what the customers want. It is very essential for an organization to first identify the needs and wants of the customers and then develop their products and services in compliance with those needs and wants (Kotler 98). This is because customers always want to purchase those goods and services that satisfy their needs and wants. If an organization develops goods and services without conducting research, it is most likely to fail. This is because such an organizations offering may not attract customers and the offerings they h ave developed would not be